Автор: Konstantin Marinov
Статии
- EVALUATION OF FOREST MILLING MACHINE PERFORMANCES FOR SITE PREPARATION
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Резюме
This article represents analysis of the technical capabilities of the specialized forest milling machine PT-400 with multi-purpose forestry tiller FAE-300/S for mulching, stump grinding and for deep soil preparation for establishment of intensive forest poplar cultures. The operating productivity, the optimal ways of movement, production capacity and some basic quality indicators of the machine have been determined under specific working conditions. The survey has been conducted on poplar sites and slashes along the Danube river valley.
Ключови думи: forest tiller, productivity, soil preparation
- ANALYSIS OF THE DEWINGING PROCESS ON SCOTS PINE SEEDS WITH SMALL-SIZED DEWINGER
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Резюме
In recent years, in Bulgaria there is a tendency to reduce the yield of seeds of conifers. This implies a more efficient use of machines with less power and performance. The forest seed producing stations in the country are equipped with small-sized dewingers "Unitech", but at this stage we still lack research and data to work with seeds of Scots pine. In the present work, a study has been conducted and an analysis has been made on the dewinging process of the Scots pine seeds (Pinus silvestris L.) with a small-sized paddle dewinger "Unitech". As a result, functional dependencies have been identified, which express the relationship of the rotation speed of the working bodies and the duration of the process on the quality of the harvested seeds and the operating performance of the machine. On this basis, the optimal process parameters have been established and specific modes of dewinging of Scots pine seeds have been proposed. The obtained results have an applied science nature in the field of forest seed production and the design of machines for dewinging of seeds.
Ключови думи: forest seed production, small-sized dewinger, technological parameters, Scots pine
- TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF MECHANIZED SITE PREPARATION FOR AFFORESTATION OF FOREST LANDS
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Резюме
The establishment of forest plantations on rocky and eroded soils and slopes requires adequate soil preparation. Depending on the peculiarities of the terrain, requirements of the culture for afforestation, and according to the available technical means and organization of the work, different technological schemes can be applied for soil preparation. In this paper is conducted a study over the work of bulldozer and scarifying units for soil preparation of forest land for afforestation. Time study based on video records of all the operational processes for a working day was performed. These operational processes include aligning and clearing areas for afforestation, terracing slopes and primary tillage. Basic operational and economic indicators of the studied machines in certain operating conditions were established. Operational productivity, fuel consumption and the average cost per hectare of soil preparation with bulldozer, and uprooter, and ripping aggregate were finding. The average price per one hectare cleaning operation from shrubs with simultaneous alignment of the terrain, with frontal bulldozer DZ-27 and crawler T-170, with operational productivity 0.183 ha/hour, was defined on 332.9 €/ha. The average price per one hectare primary deep soil tillage by ripper D – 513 and crawler T–170, with operational productivity 0,076 ha/hour, was defined on 839,7 €/ha. The average price per one hectare machine terraces on terrains up to 28 °, constructed by universal bulldozer DZ-38 and crawler T–170 with operational productivity 0.064 ha/hour, was defined on 966.7 €/ha. It was performed an evaluation of the researched technological schemes. The results can serve for regulation of labor and fuel costs for the studied aggregates for soil preparation for afforestation of forest land.
Ключови думи: bulldozers, rippers, operating indicators, performance
- ANALYSIS OF ENERGETIC INDICATORS OF FORESTRY MILLING MACHINES FOR SITE PREPARATION
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Резюме
In this paper is performed experimental study to determine energy intensity of self-propelled milling unit PT-400 equipped with multifunctional forestry tiller FAE 300/S-225 for site preparation, for poplar plantation establishment. For the purpose of the study the following processes are investigated: grinding stumps and roots, mulching shrubs and slash, and primary tilling. The study is conducted in riparian and partially flooded areas along the Danube River. As a result of the survey are established the fuel consumption and the operational productivity of the forestry unit under certain working conditions and predefined variable modes of operation of the unit. For all the operations are found the energy intensity and the relative fuel consumption per unit area. With the obtained data are built functional graphical relationships, expressing the energy intensity of the milling unit depending on the speed modes and working conditions. As a final result are determined the optimal operational modes for the tilling aggregate where energy cost for land preparation for the establishment of poplar plantations is minimal.
Ключови думи: poplar clearings, mulching, milling, energy intensity
- TECHNOLOGICAL SPEEDS FOR SOIL PREPARATION OF FOREST AREA WITH SPECIAL FORESTRY TILLER
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Резюме
In this paper are presented the results of an experimental study of the performance of multifunctional forestry tiller FAE 300/S, powered by a self-propelled unit PT-400, for soil preparation for poplar plantations establishment. The machine is tested in different speed regimes while mulching the shrubs, coppice and wood debris from the felling areas. The other observed operation is soil tillage up to 50 cm. The study was conducted in poplar clearings along the Danube River. The purpose is to establish the fuel consumption and the performance of the machine at different milling speed. Based on the results are constructed graphical dependencies, in order to express the relative fuel consumption and operational performance, depending on the operating speed of the machine. At the end is performed an optimization of the process of deep tillage of the soil, using the criteria for minimizing the power consumption. And based on this is defined optimal operating speeds of the examined forestry tiller.
Ключови думи: milling, optimization, energy consumption, performance
- POWER ANALYSIS OF FORESTRY CUTTERS FOR COMMINUTING OF WOOD WASTE IN POPLAR CLEARINGS. PART 1: ENERGY INTENSITY
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Резюме
Forestry milling cutters are increasingly used in modern forest technologies for soil preparation of reforestation. In forestry in Bulgaria, although more limited, there is a tendency for introduction of this kind of machinery. Milling machines have good technological qualities, but they also have some drawbacks, such as high-energy consumption and the need of more power drive. In the present work, an experimental study to determine the energy intensity of PT-400 forest milling unit with FAE-300S multifunctional forestry tiller for comminuting of left slash in poplar clearings, was carried out. Based on the results, regression models were developed to express the energy intensity of the forestry cutter, depending on the operating conditions and speed modes of the milling unit. In conclusion, under certain operating conditions, the optimal technological regimes for the operation of the forest mills are defined.
Ключови думи: soil preparation, poplar clearings, slash, fuel consumption
- POWER ANALYSIS OF FORESTRY CUTTERS FOR COMMINUTING OF WOOD WASTE IN POPLAR CLEARINGS. PART 2: POWER PARAMETERS
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Резюме
Forest milling machines have high technological properties but also higher energy consumption and higher power requirements. In the present study, a theoretical analysis is performed to determine the power required for propulsion of specialized forest milling machines used for soil preparation of poplar clearings. For this purpose appropriate analytical dependencies are developed to define the required power of forest milling cutters for comminuting left slash and tree-shrub vegetation in fresh poplar cleaning, and shallow soil tilling. A new formula has been developed for a more complete definition of the power balance equation of forest milling aggregates for soil preparation. A suitable theoretical-experimental model for the determination of dynamic parameters in analytical dependencies is proposed.
Ключови думи: milling brush-cutter, poplar slash, power, resistance
- EXPLOITATION RESEARCH OF A CABLE SKIDDER TAF 690 PE FOR TIMBER SKIDDING IN THE WESTERN STARA PLANINA
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Резюме
This paper presents the results of a study that was conducted to establish the basic performance characteristics of a specialized forestry tractor for skidding of a whole tree stems and long timber sections in mountainous conditions. The tractor travel speed at different gradients as well as the hourly productivity for a tree-length harvesting system in the Western Balkan Mountains region were determined. The regression analysis method was used to conduct the study and to determine the influence of various factors on the hourly productivity of the tractor, at a constant trip load volume. For this purpose, a planned two-factor experiment with three levels of variation of input factors was conducted. The time for tractor’s moving in different gradients was determined by timing. Running speeds were found at range from 3,23 to 4,82 km/h, hourly productivity from 5,36 to 10,98 m3/h with trip loads ranging from 6,9 to 8,5 m3. Regression equations were derived and by their use could be determined the productivity for different gradients and different lengths of skidding distances.
Ключови думи: cable skidder, skidding wood, speed of skidding, hourly productivity
- TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF PNEUMOSEPARATOR FOR FOREST SEED EXTRACTION
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Резюме
A technological study on the operation of a pneumatic separator on a BCC Cleaner&Seed Sizer (mini) machine for extraction of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seeds has been carried out. It is part of the new technological equipment for greenhouse production of container seedlings in the Lokorsko forest nursery. Compared to the traditional production of saplings in Bulgaria for afforestation, the new production requires the extracted seeds to have higher quality indicators. In order to establish the optimal operating modes of the pneumoseparator for high quality seed production, with minimal seed losses in the waste in the aspiration system, a multifactor active experiment and optimization in the treatment of Scots pine seeds was conducted. The obtained results were used to establishment of a regression models to predict the technological parameters and the quality of the obtained seeds depending on the operating modes of the machine. The optimal parameters for setting the pneumatic separator have been established and functional modes for Scots pine seeds extraction have been determined.
Ключови думи: pneumoseparator, scots pine seeds, quality, models, optimization
- EXPLOITATION RESEARCHES ON FORESTRY MILLING MACHINES FOR SOIL PREPARATION AT THE TERRITORY OF SHUMEN NORTH-EAST STATE FORESTRY
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Резюме
Forestry milling machines for soil preparation of afforestation are featured by higher technological and ecological properties, but also with higher energy costs, compared to the traditional machines used in our country. This paper presents the results of the conducted experimental studies to establish the main operational properties of forestry milling machines for complete soil preparation for afforestation in the lower forest vegetation zone in Bulgaria. The study were carried out with FAE SSH/HP 250 forest tiller in experimental sites located in open forest areas, forest fellings and field protection forest belts on the territory of the Shumen Forest North-East State Enterprise. The fuel consumption and productivity for complete soil preparation of open forest areas and clearings with stumps of hardwood species, with an average stumps diameter from 10 cm to 38 cm and stumps density from 220 pcs/ha to 1310 pcs/ha, at tilling depth up to 40 cm, at different rotation speed of the tiller were determined. Based on the obtained results, regression models were developed to determine the main operational indicators of the forest cutters and the optimal operating modes of the machines under certain working conditions were established.
Ключови думи: forestry tillers, soil preparation, fuel consumption, operating productivity
- REGRESSION MODELS FOR DETERMINING THE OPERATING COSTS OF FORESTRY MILLING MACHINES FOR COMPLETE SOIL PREPARATION FOR REFORESTATION OF POPLAR CLEARINGS
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Резюме
This paper presents the results of an experimental study conducted with a self-propelled milling unit PT-400 with a multifunctional forestry milling machine FAE 300/S-225 for complete soil preparation for reforestation of poplar clearings. Regression models were developed to determine the relative fuel consumption and time consumption for complete soil preparation of poplar clearings. Based on the obtained results, the influence of the speed parameters of the forestry cutters and the working conditions in the fellings on the size of the operating costs was determined. Of all the factors that express the conditions of work, the diameter and density of the stumps have the greatest weight and dominance on the cost indicators. The amount of shredded shoots, bushes and wood waste ranks third, and the mechanical composition of the soil has the least influence. To mitigate the impact of more severe working conditions, it is best to use the cutter's "rotational frequency" factor. Regardless of the type of technological operation performed, lower operating costs are obtained at a higher frequency of rotation of the cutter. Given that this factor can be managed within wider limits, it is recommended that forestry cutters for shredding stumps and roots and mulching wood waste, shoots and bushes, operate at a higher frequency of rotation of the rotor – over 500 min-1.
Ключови думи: relative fuel consumption and time, stump diameter and density, speed